CHUBBY CHECKER just had a CHICKEN SANDWICH in downtown DULUTH!
HIBBING, a village of St Louis county, Minnesota, U.S.A., 75 m. N.W. of Duluth. Pop. (1900) 2481; (1905 state census) 6566, of whom 3537 were foreign-born (1169 Finns, 516 Swedes, 498 Canadians, 323 Austrians and 314 Norwegians); (1910) 8832. Hibbing is served by the Great Northern and the Duluth, Missabe & Northern railways. It lies in the midst of the great Mesabi iron-ore deposits of the state; in 1907 forty iron mines were in operation within 10 m. of the village. Lumbering and farming are also important industries. The village owns and operates the water-works and electric-lighting plant. Hibbing was settled in 1892 and was incorporated in 1893. Entry: HIBBING
MACKINAC ISLAND, a small island in the N.W. extremity of Lake Huron and a part of Mackinac county, Michigan, and a city and summer resort of the same name on the island. The city is on the S.E. shore, at the entrance of the Straits of Mackinac, about 7 m. N.E. of Mackinaw City and 6 m. E.S.E. of St Ignace. Pop. (1900), 665; (1904), 736; (1910), 714. During the summer season, when thousands of people come here to enjoy the cool and pure air and the island's beautiful scenery, the city is served by the principal steamboat lines on the Great Lakes and by ferry to Mackinaw city (pop. in 1904, 696), which is served by the Michigan Central, the Grand Rapids & Indiana, and the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic railways. The island is about 3 m. long by 2 m. wide. From the remarkably clear water of Lake Huron its shores rise for the most part in tall white limestone cliffs; inland there are strangely shaped rocks and forests of cedar, pine, fir, spruce, juniper, maple, oak, birch, and beech. Throughout the island there are numerous glens, ravines, and caverns, some of which are rich in associations with Indian legends. The city is an antiquated fishing and trading village with modern hotels, club-houses, and summer villas. Fort Mackinac and its grounds are included in a state reservation which embraces about one-half of the island. Entry: MACKINAC
EVELETH, a city of St Louis county, Minnesota, U.S.A., about 71 m. N.N.W. of Duluth. Pop. (1900) 2752; (1905, state census) 5332, of whom 2975 were foreign-born (1145 Finns, 676 Austrians and 325 Swedes); (1910) 7036. Eveleth is served by the Duluth, Missabe & Northern and the Duluth & Iron Range railways. It lies in the midst of the great red and brown hematite iron-ore deposits of the Mesabi Range--the richest in the Lake Superior district--and the mining and shipping of this ore are its principal industries. The municipality owns and operates the water-works, the water being obtained from Lake Saint Mary, one of a chain of small lakes lying S. of the city. Eveleth was first chartered as a city in 1902. Entry: EVELETH
As an example of a swing bridge, that between Duluth and Superior at the head of Lake Superior over the St Louis river may be described. The centre opening is 500 ft., spanned by a turning bridge, 58 ft. wide. The girders weighing 2000 tons carry a double track for trains between the girders and on each side on cantilevers a trolley track, roadway and footway. The bridge can be opened in 2 minutes, and is operated by two large electric motors. These have a speed reduction from armature shaft to bridge column of 1500 to 1, through four intermediate spur gears and a worm gear. The end lifts which transfer the weight of the bridge to the piers when the span is closed consist of massive eccentrics having a throw of 4 in. The clearance is 2 in., so that the ends are lifted 2 in. This gives a load of 50 tons per eccentric. One motor is placed at each end of the span to operate the eccentrics and also to release the latches and raise the rails of the steam track. Entry: 5
The unusually favourable position for lake transportation, and the extensive tributary region in the N.W., with ample rail connexions, make Duluth-Superior one of the greatest commercial ports in the country. The two cities constitute the largest coal-distributing centre in the N.W., and have some of the largest coal-docks in the world. Upwards of twenty grain elevators, with a net capacity of nearly 35,000,000 bushels, which receive enormous quantities of grain from the Red River Valley, Manitoba, and the Dakotas, either for home manufacture or for transhipment to the East, are among the noteworthy sights of the place; and extensive ore-docks are required for handling the enormous and steadily increasing shipments of iron ore from the rich Vermilion and Mesabi iron ranges first opened about 1890. In 1907 more than 29,000,000 tons of iron ore were shipped from this port. Duluth is also an important hay market. There are flour and lumber mills, foundries and machine shops, wooden ware, cooperage, sash, door and blind, lath and shingle factories, and shipyards. In 1909 great mills of the Minnesota Steel Co. were begun here. In 1905 the factory product of Duluth was valued at $10,139,009, an increase of 29.8% over that of 1900. The St Louis river furnishes one of the finest water-powers in the United States. Entry: DULUTH
The commanding heights upon which the principal residential section of the city is built render it at once attractive in appearance and healthful; there is a fine system of parks and boulevards, the chief of the former being Lester, Fairmount, Portland, Cascade, Lincoln and Chester. The popular Boulevard drive at the back of Duluth commands excellent views of city and lake. Among the principal buildings are the court house, the Masonic temple, chamber of commerce, board of trade, Lyceum theatre, Federal, Providence, Lonsdale, Torrey, Alworth, Sellwood and Wolvin buildings, St. Mary's hospital, St. Luke's hospital and Spalding Hotel. There is a public (Carnegie) library with 50,000 volumes in 1908. The building of the central high school (classical), one of the finest in the United States, erected at a cost of about $500,000, has a square clock tower 230 ft. high, and an auditorium seating 2000. The city also has a technical high school, and in addition to the regular high school courses there are departments of business, manual training and domestic science. At Duluth also is a state normal school, erected in 1902. The federal government maintains here a life-saving station on Minnesota Point, and an extensive fish hatchery. Entry: DULUTH
ASHLAND, a city and the county-seat of Ashland county, Wisconsin, U.S.A., situated about 315 m. N.W. of Milwaukee, and about 70 m. E. of Superior and Duluth, in the N. part of the state, at the head of Chequamegon Bay, an arm of Lake Superior. Pop. (1890) 9956; (1900) 13,074, of whom 4417 were foreign-born; (1910, census) 11,594. It is served by the Chicago & North-Western, the Northern Pacific, the Chicago, St Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha, and the Wisconsin Central railways, and by several steamboat lines on the Great Lakes. The city is attractively situated, has a dry, healthful climate, and is a summer resort. It has a fine Federal building, one of the best high-school buildings in Wisconsin, the Vaughn public library (1895), a Roman Catholic hospital, and the Rinehart hospital, and is the seat of the Northland College and Academy (Congregational). Ashland has an excellent harbour, has large iron-ore and coal docks, and is the principal port for the shipment of iron ore from the rich Gogebic Range, the annual ore shipment approximating 3,500,000 tons, valued at $12,000,000, and it has also an extensive export trade in lumber. Brownstone quarried in the vicinity is also an important export. The lake trade amounts to more than $35,000,000 annually. Ashland has large saw-mills, iron and steel rolling mills, foundries and machine shops, railway repair shops (of the Chicago & North-Western railway), knitting works, and manufactories of dynamite, sulphite fibre, charcoal and wood-alcohol. In 1905 its total factory product was valued at $4,210,265. Settled about 1854, Ashland was incorporated as a village in 1863 and received a city charter in 1887. Entry: ASHLAND
_Industry and Commerce._--Chicago's situation at the head of the most south-western of the Great Lakes has given it great importance in trade and industry. The development of its extraordinary railway facilities was a recognition of its supreme advantages as the easiest outlet for the products of the Middle West, on whose wealth its prosperity is founded. The growth of its trade has been marvellous. The last years of the 19th century showed, however, an inevitable loss to Chicago in the growth of Duluth, Kansas City and other rivals in strategic situations. In particular, the struggle of the North and South railway lines in the Mississippi Valley to divert to ports on the Gulf of Mexico grain and other freight caused great losses to Chicago. An enormous increase in the cereal trade of Philadelphia, Baltimore, Newport News and Norfolk was partly due to the traffic eastward over lines S. of Chicago. The traffic of the routes through Duluth and Canada does not, indeed, represent in the main actual losses, for the traffic is largely a new growth; but there has been nevertheless a considerable drain to these routes from American territory once tributary to Chicago. Altogether the competition of the Gulf roads and the lines running S.W. from Duluth had largely excluded Chicago by 1899 (according to her Board of Trade) from the grain trade W. of the Missouri river, and in conjunction with southerly E. and W. routes had made serious inroads upon trade E. of that river. Its facilities for receiving and distributing remain nevertheless unequalled, and it still practically monopolizes the traffic between the northern Atlantic seaboard and the West. New York alone, among American cities, has a greater trade. Chicago is the greatest railway centre, the greatest grain market, the greatest live-stock market and meat-packing centre, and the greatest lumber market of the world. The clearings of her 'associated banks amounted to $13,781,843,612 in the year 1909. The wholesale trade was estimated in 1875 at $293,900,000 and in 1905 at $1,781,000,000. The average annual grain receipts (including flour in wheat equivalent) in the five years 1900-1904 amounted to 265,500,000 bu. (12,902,310 in 1854; 72,369,194 in 1875), and the shipments to 209,862,966 bu. The first shipment of wheat was of 78 bu. in 1838. The grain elevators are among the sights of Chicago. They are enormous storehouses into which the grain is elevated from ships and cars, sorted into grades and reloaded for shipment; all the work is done by machinery. Their capacity in 1904 was 65,140,000 bu.[13] In the same quinquennial period, 1900-1904, the average yearly receipts of lumber aggregated 1,807,066,000 ft.,[14] and of shingles, 410,711 thousand; of cattle, 3,078,734; of hogs, 8,334,904; of sheep, 3,338,291; of butter, 239,696,921 lb; the exports of hides, 167,442,077 lb; of dressed beef, 1,126,995,490 lb; of lard, 410,688,319 lb; of pork, 191,371 bbl.; of other hog products, 600,503,394 lb. The combined tonnage in and out averaged 14,135,406 tons.[15] There is a large direct trade with Europe, mainly in goods that come in bond by rail from Atlantic ports. In 1907 the value of Chicago's imports was $27,058,662, and of its exports, $5,643,302. Entry: CHICAGO
CLOQUET, a city of Carlton county, Minnesota, U.S.A., on the St Louis river, 28 m. W. by S. of Duluth. Pop. (1890) 2530; (1900) 3072; (1905, state census) 6117, of whom 2755 were foreign-born (716 Swedes, 689 Finns, 685 Canadians, 334 Norwegians); (1910) 7031. Cloquet is served by the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern, the Duluth & North-Eastern, and (for freight only) the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul railways. The river furnishes good water-power, and the city has various manufactures, including lumber, paper, wood pulp, match blocks and boxes. The first mill was built in 1878, and the village was named from the French word _claquet_ (sound of the mill). Cloquet was incorporated as a village in 1883 and was chartered as a city in 1903. Entry: CLOQUET
_Communications and Commerce._--Situated almost equidistant from Chicago, Boston and New York, Buffalo, by reason of its favourable location in respect to lake transportation and its position on the principal northern trade route between the East and West, has become one of the most important commercial and industrial centres in the Union. Some fourteen trunk lines have terminals at, or pass through, Buffalo. Tracks of a belt line transfer company encircle the city, and altogether there are more than 500 m. of track within the limits of Buffalo. Of great importance also is the lake commerce. Almost all the great steamship transportation lines of the Great Lakes have an eastern terminus at Buffalo, which thus has direct passenger and freight connexion with Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee and the "Head of the Lakes" (Duluth-Superior). With the latter port it is connected by the Great Northern Steamship Company, a subsidiary line of the Great Northern railway, the passenger service of which is carried on by what are probably the largest and finest inland passenger steamships in existence. The tonnage of the port of Buffalo is considerably more than 5,000,000 tons annually. With a water front of approximately 20 m. and with 8 to 10 m. of wharfs, the shipping facilities have been greatly increased by the extensive harbour improvements undertaken by the Federal government. These improvements comprise a series of inner breakwaters and piers and an outer breakwater of stone and cement, 4 m. in length, constructed at a cost of more than $2,000,000. Another artery of trade of great importance is the Erie Canal, which here has its western terminus, and whose completion (1825) gave the first impetus to Buffalo's commercial growth. With the Canadian shore Buffalo is connected by ferry, and by the International bridge (from Squaw Island), which cost $1,500,000 and was completed in 1873. Entry: BUFFALO
DÜBNER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH DUNFERMLINE, JAMES ABERCROMBY DUBOIS, FRANÇOIS THÉODORE DUNFERMLINE (burgh of Scotland) DUBOIS, GUILLAUME DUNGANNON DUBOIS, JEAN ANTOINE DUNGARPUR DUBOIS, PAUL DUNGARVAN DUBOIS, PIERRE DUNGENESS DUBOIS (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) DUNGEON DUBOIS-CRANCÉ, EDMOND ALEXIS DUNKELD DU BOIS-REYMOND, EMIL DUNKIRK (France) DUBOS, JEAN-BAPTISTE DUNKIRK (New York, U.S.A.) DUBUQUE DUNLOP, JOHN COLIN DU CAMP, MAXIME DUNMORE DU CANGE, CHARLES DU FRESNE DUNMOW DUCANGE, VICTOR HENRI BRAHAIN DUNNE, FINLEY PETER DUCAS (Byzantine family) DUNNOTTAR CASTLE DUCAS (Byzantine historian) DUNOIS, JEAN DUCASSE, PIERRE EMMANUEL ALBERT DUNOON DUCAT DUNROBIN CASTLE DU CHAILLU, PAUL BELLONI DUNS DUCHENNE, GUILLAUME AMAND DUNSINANE DU CHESNE, ANDRÉ DUNS SCOTUS, JOHN DUCHESNE, LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER DUNSTABLE DUCIS, JEAN FRANÇOIS DUNSTAFFNAGE DUCK DUNSTAN, SAINT DUCKING and CUCKING STOOLS DUNSTER DUCKWEED DUNTOCHER DUCKWORTH, SIR JOHN THOMAS DUNTON, JOHN DUCLAUX, AGNES MARY F. DÜNTZER, JOHANN HEINRICH JOSEPH DUCLOS, CHARLES PINOT DUNWICH DUCOS, PIERRE ROGER DUOVIRI DUCTLESS GLANDS DUPANLOUP, FÉLIX ANTOINE PHILIBERT DUDERSTADT DUPERRON, JACQUES DAVY DUDLEY, BARONS AND EARLS OF DUPIN, ANDRÉ MARIE JEAN JACQUES DUDLEY, EDMUND DU PIN, LOUIS ELLIES DUDLEY, SIR ROBERT DUPLEIX, JOSEPH FRANÇOIS DUDLEY, THOMAS DUPONT, PIERRE DUDLEY (English county & town) DUPONT DE L'ÉTANG, PIERRE ANTOINE DUDO DUPONT DE L'EURE, JACQUES CHARLES DUDWEILER DU PONT DE NEMOURS, PIERRE SAMUEL DUEL DUPORT, ADRIEN DUENNA DUPORT, JAMES DUET DÜPPEL DUFAURE, JULES ARMAND STANISLAS DU PRAT, ANTOINE DUFF, ALEXANDER DUPRÉ, JULES DUFFERIN AND AVA, FREDERICK DUPUIS, CHARLES FRANÇOIS DUFF-GORDON, LUCIE DUPUY, CHARLES ALEXANDRE DUFFTOWN DUPUY, PIERRE DUFFY, SIR CHARLES GAVAN DUPUY DE LÔME, STANISLAS LAURENT DUFOUR, WILHELM HEINRICH DUPUYTREN, GUILLAUME DUFRÉNOY, OURS PIERRE ARMAND DUQUE DE ESTRADA, DIEGO DUFRESNY, CHARLES DUQUESNE, ARRAHAM DUGAZON DUQUESNE (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) DUGDALE, SIR WILLIAM DURAMEN DUGONG DURAN DUGUAY-TROUIN, RENÉ DURÁN, AGUSTÍN DU GUESCLIN, BERTRAND DURANCE DUHAMEL, JEAN BAPTISTE DURAND, ASHER BROWN DUHAMEL DU MONCEAU, HENRI LOUIS DURAND, GUILLAUME DÜHRING, EUGEN KARL DURAND, GUILLAUME DUIGENAN, PATRICK DURANDO, GIACOMO DUIKER DURANGO (state of Mexico) DUILIUS, GAIUS DURANGO (city of Mexico) DUISBURG DURANI DUK-DUK DURANTE, FRANCESCO DUKE DURÃO, JOSÉ DE SANTA RITA DUKE OF EXETER'S DAUGHTER DURAZZO DUKER, CARL ANDREAS D'URBAN, SIR BENJAMIN DUKERIES, THE DURBAN DUKES, LEOPOLD DURBAR DUKINFIELD DÜREN DULCIGNO DURENE DULCIMER DÜRER, ALBRECHT DÜLKEN DURESS DULONG, PIERRE LOUIS D'URFEY, THOMAS DULSE DURFORT DULUTH DURGA DULWICH DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON DUMAGUETE DURHAM (county of England) DUMANJUG DURHAM (city of England) DU MARSAIS, CÉSAR CHESNEAU DURHAM (North Carolina, U.S.A.) DUMAS, ALEXANDRE DURIAN DUMAS, ALEXANDRE (Fils) DURIS DUMAS, GUILLAUME MATHIEU DÜRKHEIM DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE ANDRÉ DURLACH DU MAURIER, GEORGE BUSSON DUROC, GÉRAUD CHRISTOPHE MICHEL DUMBARTON DUROCHER, JOSEPH MARIE ELISABETH DUMBARTONSHIRE DURRA DUMB WAITER DURUY, JEAN VICTOR DUM-DUM DU RYER, PIERRE DUMESNIL, MARIE FRANÇOISE DUSE, ELEANORA DUMFRIES DUSSEK, JOHANN LUDWIG DUMFRIESSHIRE DÜSSELDORF DÜMICHEN, JOHANNES DUSSERAH DÜMMLER, ERNST LUDWIG DUST DUMONT DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY, THE DUMONT, ANDRÉ HUBERT DUTCH LANGUAGE DUMONT, FRANÇOIS DUTCH LITERATURE DUMONT, JEAN DUTCH WARS DUMONT, PIERRE ÉTIENNE LOUIS DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY, THE DUMONT D'URVILLE, JULES DUTENS, LOUIS DUMORTIERITE DUTROCHET, RENÉ JOACHIM HENRI DUMOULIN, CHARLES DUTT, MICHAEL MADHU SUDAN DUMOURIEZ, CHARLES FRANÇOIS DUTY DUMP DU VAIR, GUILLAUME DUNASH DUVAL, ALEXANDRE VINCENT PINEUX DUNBAR, GEORGE DUVAL, CLAUDE DUNBAR, PAUL LAURENCE DUVENECK, FRANK DUNBAR, WILLIAM DU VERGIER DE HAURANNE, JEAN DUNBAR (seaport of Scotland) DUVEYRIER, HENRI DUNBLANE DUX DUNCAN (Scottish kings) DUXBURY DUNCAN, ADAM DUNCAN DVINA DUNCAN, PETER MARTIN DVINSK DUNCAN, THOMAS DVORÁK, ANTON DUNCE DWARAKA DUNCKER, MAXIMILIAN WOLFGANG DWARF DUNCKLEY, HENRY DWARS DUNCOMBE, SIR CHARLES DWIGHT, JOHN DUNDALK DWIGHT, JOHN SULLIVAN DUNDEE, JOHN OF CLAVERHOUSE DWIGHT, THEODORE WILLIAM DUNDEE (city of Scotland) DWIGHT, TIMOTHY DUNDERLANDSDAL DYAKS DUNDONALD, THOMAS COCHRANE DYCE, ALEXANDER DUNEDIN DYCE, WILLIAM DUNES DYEING DUNFERMLINE, ALEXANDER SETON Entry: DÜBNER
ISHPEMING, a city of Marquette county, Michigan, U.S.A., about 15 m. W. by S. of Marquette, in the N. part of the upper peninsula. Pop. (1890) 11,197; (1900) 13,255, of whom 5970 were foreign-born; (1904) 11,623; (1910) 12,448. It is served by the Chicago & North Western, the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic, and the Lake Superior and Ishpeming railways. The city is 1400 ft. above sea-level (whence its name, from an Ojibway Indian word, said to mean "high up"), in the centre of the Marquette Range iron district, and has seven mines within its limits; the mining of iron ore is its principal industry. Ishpeming was settled about 1854, and was incorporated as a city in 1873. Entry: ISHPEMING
HANCOCK, a city of Houghton county, Michigan, U.S.A., on Portage Lake, opposite Houghton. Pop. (1890) 1772; (1900) 4050, of whom 1409 were foreign-born; (1904) 6037; (1910) 8981. Hancock is served by the Mineral Range, the Copper Range, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul, and the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic railways (the last two send their trains in over the Mineral Range tracks), and by steamboats through the Portage Lake Canal which connects with Lake Superior. Hancock is connected by a bridge and an electric line with the village of Houghton (pop. in 1910, 5113), the county-seat of Houghton county and the seat of the Michigan College of Mines (opened in 1886). Hancock has three parks, and a marine and general hospital. The city is the seat of a Finnish Lutheran Seminary--there are many Finns in and near Hancock, and a Finnish newspaper is published here. Hancock is in the Michigan copper region--the Quincy, Franklin and Hancock mines are in or near the city--and the mining, working and shipping of copper are the leading industries; among the city's manufactures are mining machinery, lumber, bricks and beer. The municipality owns and operates the water-works. The electric-lighting plant, the gas plant and the street railway are owned by private corporations. Hancock was settled in 1859, was incorporated as a village in 1875, and was chartered as a city in 1903. Entry: HANCOCK
MARQUETTE, a city, a port of entry and the county seat of Marquette county, Michigan U.S.A., on the south shore of Lake Superior. Pop. (1900), 10,058 (3460 foreign-born); (1910), 11,503. It is served by the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic, the Marquette & South-Eastern, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul, the Chicago & North-Western, and the Lake Superior & Ishpeming railways. The city, which is situated on a bluff 100 ft. above the lake, in a region characterized by rounded hills and picturesque irregularities, has a delightful climate, and is a popular summer resort. Presque Isle park (400 acres), a headland north of the city, is one of its principal attractions. Marquette is the seat of the Northern State Normal School (established 1899) and of the state house of correction and branch prison (established 1885). A county-court-house, the Peter White library, and the Federal building are the most prominent public buildings. Marquette is the seat of Roman Catholic and Protestant Episcopal bishoprics. The city is best known as a shipping centre of one of the richest iron-ore districts in the world, and its large and well-equipped ore docks are among its most prominent features. Marquette is the port of entry of the customs district of Superior. In 1896 its imports were valued at $358,505 and its exports at $4,708,302; in 1908, imports $1,845,724 and exports $7,040,473. Foundries, railway machine-shops, lumber and planing-mills, brewery and bottling works, and quarries of brownish-red sandstone contribute largely to the city's economic importance. The charcoal iron blast-furnaces of the city manufacture pig-iron, and, as by-products, wood alcohol and acetic acid, recovered from the smoke of the charcoal pits. The value of the city's factory products increased from $1,585,083 in 1900 to $2,364,081 in 1905, or 49.1%. The first settlement was made about 1845, and in 1849 it was named Worcester; but "Marquette" was soon substituted in honour of Jacques Marquette. It was incorporated as a village in 1859, and chartered as a city in 1871. Entry: MARQUETTE
The first Europeans to visit the site of Duluth were probably French _coureurs-des-bois_, possibly the adventurous Radisson and Groseilliers. The first visitor certainly known to have been here was Daniel Greysolon, Sieur Du Lhut (d. 1709), a French trader and explorer, who about 1678 skirted Lake Superior and built a stockaded trading-post at the mouth of Pigeon river on the N. shore. From him the place received its name. A trading-post was established near the present city, at Fond du Lac, about 1752, and this eventually became a depôt of Astor's American Fur Company. There was no permanent settlement at Duluth proper, however, until 1853, and in 1860 there were only 80 inhabitants. Incorporated in 1870, in which year railway connexion with the South was established, its growth was slow for some years, the increase for the decade 1870-1880 being very slight (from 3131 to 3483); but the extension of railways into the north-western wheat region, the opening up of Lake Superior to commerce, and finally the development of the Vermilion and Mesabi iron ranges, brought on a period of almost unparalleled growth, marked by the remarkable increase in population of more than 850% between 1880 and 1890; between 1890 and 1900 the increase was 60%. Entry: DULUTH