And she's got brains enough for two, which is the exact quantity the girl who marries you will need.
English literature's performing flea. -- Sean O'Casey on P. G. Wodehouse</p>
His ideas of first-aid stopped short of squirting soda water. -- P. G. Wodehouse</p>
Judges, as a class, display, in the matter of arranging alimony, that reckless generosity which is found only in men who are giving away someone else's cash. -- P. G. Wodehouse, "Louder and Funnier"
KIMBERLEY, JOHN WODEHOUSE, 1ST EARL OF (1826-1902), English statesman, was born on the 7th of January 1826, being the eldest son of the Hon. Henry Wodehouse and grandson of the 2nd Baron Wodehouse (the barony dating from 1797), whom he succeeded in 1846. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he took a first-class degree in classics in 1847; in the same year married Lady Florence Fitzgibbon (d. 1895), daughter of the last earl of Clare. He was by inheritance a Liberal in politics, and in 1852-1856 and 1859-1861 he was under secretary of state for foreign affairs in Lord Aberdeen's and Lord Palmerston's ministries. In the interval (1856-1858) he had been envoy-extraordinary to Russia; and in 1863 he was sent on a special mission to Copenhagen on the forlorn hope of finding a peaceful solution of the Schleswig-Holstein question. The mission was a failure, but probably nothing else was possible. In 1864 he became under secretary for India, but towards the end of the year was made Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. In that capacity he had to grapple with the first manifestations of Fenianism, and in recognition of his vigour and success he was created (1866) earl of Kimberley. In July 1866 he vacated his office with the fall of Lord Russell's ministry, but in 1868 he became Lord Privy Seal in Mr Gladstone's cabinet, and in July 1870 was transferred from that post to be secretary of state for the colonies. It was the moment of the great diamond discoveries in South Africa, and the new town of Kimberley was named after the colonial secretary of the day. After an interval of opposition from 1874 to 1880, Lord Kimberley returned to the Colonial Office in Mr Gladstone's next ministry; but at the end of 1882 he exchanged this office first for that of chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster and then for the secretaryship of state for India, a post he retained during the remainder of Mr Gladstone's tenure of power (1882-1886, 1892-1894), though in 1892-1894 he combined with it that of the lord presidency of the council. In Lord Rosebery's cabinet (1894-1895) he was foreign secretary. Lord Kimberley was an admirable departmental chief, but it is difficult to associate his own personality with any ministerial act during his occupation of all these posts. He was at the colonial office when responsible government was granted to Cape Colony, when British Columbia was added to the Dominion of Canada, and during the Boer War of 1880-81, with its conclusion at Majuba; and he was foreign secretary when the misunderstanding arose with Germany over the proposed lease of territory from the Congo Free State for the Cape to Cairo route. He was essentially a loyal Gladstonian party man. His moderation, common sense, and patriotism had their influence, nevertheless, on his colleagues. As leader of the Liberal party in the House of Lords he acted with undeviating dignity; and in opposition he was a courteous antagonist and a critic of weight and experience. He took considerable interest in education, and after being for many years a member of the senate of London University, he became its chancellor in 1899. He died in London on the 8th of April 1902, being succeeded in the earldom by his eldest and only surviving son, Lord Wodehouse (b. 1848). Entry: KIMBERLEY
To the quarrels between Basuto and Boers were added interminable disputes between the Basuto and other Bechuana tribes, which continued unabated after the proclamation of British sovereignty over the Orange river regions by Sir Harry Smith in 1848. In 1849, however, Moshesh was unwillingly induced by Sir Harry to surrender his claims to part of the territory recognized as his by the Napier treaty. The British continued to intervene in the inter-tribal disputes, and in 1851 Major H.D. Warden led against the Basuto a commando composed of British soldiers, farmers and a native contingent. This commando was defeated at Viervoet, near Thaba Nchu, by the Basuto, who thereafter raided and plundered the natives opposed to them and the farmers who had helped the British. Attempts were made to come to terms with Moshesh and the justice of many of his complaints was admitted. The efforts at accommodation failed, and in 1852 General Sir George Cathcart, who had succeeded Sir Harry Smith as governor of Cape Colony, decided to take strong measures with the tribe, and proceeded with three small divisions of troops against Moshesh. The expedition was by no means a success, but Moshesh, with that peculiar statecraft for which he was famous, saw that he could not hope permanently to hold out against the British troops, and followed up his successful skirmishes with General Cathcart by writing him a letter, in which he said: "As the object for which you have come is to have a compensation for Boers, I beg you will be satisfied with what you have taken. You have shown your power, you have chastised; I will try all I can to keep my people in order in the future." General Cathcart accepted the offer of Moshesh and peace was proclaimed, the Basuto power being unbroken. Fourteen months later (February 1854) Great Britain renounced sovereignty over the farmers settled beyond the Orange, and Moshesh found himself face to face with the newly constituted Free State. Boundary disputes at once arose but were settled (1858) by the mediation of Sir George Grey, governor of Cape Colony. In 1865 a fresh feud occurred between the Orange Free State Boers and the Basuto. The latter applied to Sir Philip Wodehouse at the Cape for protection, but he declined to interfere. The Boers proved more successful than they had been in the past, and occupied several of the Basuto strongholds. They also annexed a certain fertile portion of Basuto territory, and finally terminated the strife by a treaty at Thaba Bosigo, by which Moshesh gave up the tract of territory taken by the Boers and professed himself a subject of the Free State. Seeing that the struggle against the Boers was hopeless, no fewer than 2000 Basuto warriors having been killed, Moshesh again appealed for protection to the British authorities, saying: "Let me and my people rest and live under the large folds of the flag of England before I am no more." In response to this request, the British authorities decided to take over Basutoland, and a proclamation of annexation was issued on the 12th of March 1868. At the same time the Boer commandoes were requested to leave the country. The Free State strongly resented the British annexation of Basutoland, but much negotiation the treaty of Aliwal North was concluded (1869) between the Free State and the high commissioner. This treaty defined the boundary between the Free State and Basutoland, whereby the fertile strip of country west of the Caledon river, known as the Conquered Territory, was finally transferred to the Free State, and the remainder of Basutoland was recognized as a portion of the British dominions. Entry: BASUTOLAND
The troubles in Darfur and with Abyssinia (q.v.) induced the khalifa to reduce the garrisons of the north; nevertheless, the dervishes reoccupied Sarras, continued active in raids and skirmishes, and destroyed the railway south of Sarras, which during the Nile expedition of 1884 and 1885 had been carried as far as Akasha. It was not until May 1889 that an invasion of the frontier on a large scale was attempted. At this time the power and prestige of the khalifa were at their height: the rebellions in Darfur and Kordofan had been stamped out, the anti-mahdi was dead, and even the dervish defeat by the Abyssinians had been converted by the death of King John and the capture of his body into a success. It was therefore an opportune time to try to sweep the Turks and the British into the sea. On the 22nd of June Nejumi was at Sarras with over 6000 fighting men and 8000 followers. On the 2nd of July Colonel J. Wodehouse headed off a part of this force from the river at Argin, and, after a sharp action, completely defeated it, killing 900, among whom were many important amirs, and taking 500 prisoners and 12 banners, with very small loss to his own troops. A British brigade was on its way up stream, but the sirdar, who had already arrived to take the command in person, decided not to wait for it. The Egyptian troops, with a squadron of the 20th Hussars, concentrated at Toski, and thence, on the 3rd of August, General Grenfell, with slight loss, gained a decisive victory. Wad en Nejumi, most of his amirs, and more than 1200 Arabs were killed; 4000 prisoners and 147 standards were taken, and the dervish army practically destroyed. No further serious attempts were made to disturb the frontier, of which the most southerly outpost was at once advanced to Sarras. Entry: MILITARY
_Mottoes._--The motto now accompanies every coat of arms in these islands. Few of these Latin aphorisms, these bald assertions of virtue, high courage, patriotism, piety and loyalty have any antiquity. Some few, however, like the "Espérance" of Percy, were the war-cries of remote ancestors. "I mak' sicker" of Kirkpatrick recalls pridefully a bloody deed done on a wounded man, and the "Dieu Ayde," "Agincourt" and "D'Accomplir Agincourt" of the Irish "Montmorencys" and the English Wodehouses and Dalisons, glorious traditions based upon untrustworthy genealogy. The often-quoted punning mottoes may be illustrated by that of Cust, who says "Qui Cust-odit caveat," a modern example and a fair one. Ancient mottoes as distinct from the war or gathering cry of a house are often cryptic sentences whose meaning might be known to the user and perchance to his mistress. Such are the "Plus est en vous" of Louis de Bruges, the Flemish earl of Winchester, and the "So have I cause" and "Till then thus" of two Englishmen. The word motto is of modern use, our forefathers speaking rather of their "word" or of their "reason." Entry: PART
The first collected edition of Arnold's poems was published in 1869 in two volumes, the first consisting of _Narrative and Elegiac Poems_, and the second of _Dramatic and Lyric Poems_. Other editions appeared in 1877, 1881; a library edition (3 vols., 1885); a one-volume reprint of the poems printed in the library edition with one or two additions (1890). Publications by Matthew Arnold not mentioned in the foregoing article include: _England and the Italian Question_ (1859), a pamphlet; _A French Eton; or, Middle Class Education and the State_ (1864); _Higher Schools and Universities in Germany_ (1874), a partial reprint from _Schools and Universities on the Continent_ (1868); _A Bible Reading for Schools; The Great Prophecy of Israel's Restoration_, an arrangement of _Isaiah_, chs. xl.-lxvi. (1872), republished with additions and varying titles in 1875 and 1883; an edition of the _Six Chief Lives from Johnson's Lives of the Poets_ (1878); editions of the _Poems of Wordsworth_ (1879), and the _Poetry of Byron_ (1881), for the Golden Treasury Series, with prefatory essays reprinted in the second series of _Essays in Criticism_; an edition of _Letters, Speeches and Tracts on Irish Affairs by Edmund Burke_ (1881); and many contributions to periodical literature. _The Letters of Matthew Arnold_ (1848-1888) were collected and arranged by George W.E. Russell in 1895, reprinted 1901. _Matthew Arnold's Note Books, with a Preface by the Hon. Mrs Wodehouse_, appeared in 1902. A complete and uniform edition of _The Works of Matthew Arnold_ (15 vols., 1904-1905) includes the letters as edited by Mr Russell. Vol. iii. contains a complete bibliography of his works, many of the early editions of which are very valuable, by Mr T.B. Smart, who published a separate bibliography in 1892. A valuable note on the rather complicated subject of Arnold's bibliography is given by Mr H. Buxton Forman in Arnold's _Poems, Narrative, Elegiac and Lyric_ (Temple Classics, 1900). Entry: I
KELLY, EDWARD KIAOCHOW BAY KELLY, SIR FITZROY KICKAPOO KELLY, HUGH KIDD, JOHN KELLY, MICHAEL KIDD, THOMAS KELP KIDD, WILLIAM KELSO KIDDERMINSTER KELVIN, WILLIAM THOMSON KIDNAPPING KEMBLE (English actors) KIDNEY DISEASES KEMBLE, JOHN MITCHELL KIDWELLY KEMÉNY, ZSIGMOND KIEF KEMP, WILLIAM KIEL KEMPE, JOHN KIELCE (government in Poland) KEMPEN KIELCE (town of Poland) KEMPENFELT, RICHARD KIEPERT, HEINRICH KEMPT, SIR JAMES KIERKEGAARD, SÖREN AABY KEMPTEN KIEV (government of Russia) KEN, THOMAS KIEV (city of Russia) KEN (river of India) KILBARCHAN KENA KILBIRNIE KENDAL, DUKEDOM OF KILBRIDE, WEST KENDAL, WILLIAM HUNTER KILDARE (county of Ireland) KENDAL (town of England) KILDARE (town of Ireland) KENDALL, HENRY CLARENCE KILHAM, ALEXANDER KENEALY, EDWARD VAUGHAN HYDE KILIA KENG TUNG KILIAN, ST KENILWORTH KILIMANJARO KENITES KILIN KENMORE KILKEE KENMURE, WILLIAM GORDON KILKENNY (county of Ireland) KENNEDY (Scottish family) KILKENNY (city of Ireland) KENNEDY, BENJAMIN HALL KILKENNY, STATUTE OF KENNEDY, THOMAS FRANCIS KILLALA KENNEDY, WALTER KILLALOE KENNEL KILLARNEY KENNETH KILLDEER KENNETT, WHITE KILLIECRANKIE KENNEY, JAMES KILLIGREW, SIR HENRY KENNGOTT, GUSTAV ADOLPH KILLIGREW, THOMAS KENNICOTT, BENJAMIN KILLIN KENNINGTON KILLIS KENORA KILLYBEGS KENOSHA KILLYLEAGH KENSETT, JOHN FREDERICK KILMAINE, CHARLES EDWARD KENSINGTON KILMALLOCK KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF KILMARNOCK KENT, JAMES KILMAURS KENT, WILLIAM KILN KENT (kingdom of Britain) KILPATRICK, NEW, or EAST KENT (county of England) KILPATRICK, OLD KENTIGERN, ST KILRUSH KENTON KILSYTH KENT'S CAVERN KILT KENTUCKY KILWA KENYA KILWARDBY, ROBERT KENYON, LLOYD KENYON KILWINNING KEOKUK KIMBERLEY, JOHN WODEHOUSE KEONJHAR KIMBERLEY (town of South Africa) KEONTHAL KIMERIDGIAN KEPLER, JOHANN KIMHI KEPPEL, AUGUSTUS KEPPEL KIN KEPPEL, SIR HENRY KINCARDINESHIRE KER, JOHN KINCHINJUNGA KERAK KIND KERALA KINDERGARTEN KERASUND KINDI KÉRATRY, AUGUSTE HILARION KINEMATICS KERBELA KINETICS KERCH KING, CHARLES WILLIAM KERCKHOVEN, JAN VAN DEN KING, CLARENCE KERGUELEN ISLAND KING, EDWARD KERGUELEN'S LAND CABBAGE KING, EDWARD KERKUK KING, HENRY KERMADEC KING, RUFUS KERMAN (province of Persia) KING, THOMAS KERMAN (city of Persia) KING, WILLIAM (Anglican divine) KERMANSHAH KING, WILLIAM (English poet) KERMES KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING KERMESSE KING (title) KERN, JAN HENDRIK KING-BIRD KERNEL KING-CRAB KERNER, JUSTINUS CHRISTIAN KINGFISHER KERRY KINGHORN KERSAINT, ARMAND DE COETNEMPREN KINGLAKE, ALEXANDER WILLIAM KERVYN DE LETTENHOVE, BRUNO KINGLET KESHUB CHUNDER SEN KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF KÉSMÁRK KING'S BENCH, COURT OF KESTREL KINGSBRIDGE KESWICK KING'S COUNTY KESWICK CONVENTION KINGSDOWN, THOMAS PEMBERTON LEIGH KET, ROBERT KING'S EVIL KETCH, JOHN KINGSFORD, WILLIAM KETCHUP KINGSLEY, CHARLES KETENES KINGSLEY, HENRY KETI KINGSLEY, HENRY KETONES KING'S LYNN KETTELER, WILHELM EMMANUEL KING'S MOUNTAIN KETTERING KINGSTON, ELIZABETH KETTLE, SIR RUPERT ALFRED KINGSTON, WILLIAM HENRY GILES KETTLEDRUM KINGSTON (Ontario, Canada) KEUPER KINGSTON (New York, U.S.A.) KEW KINGSTON (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) KEWANEE KINGSTON-ON-THAMES KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER KINGSTON-UPON-HULL, EARLS AND DUKES OF KEY, THOMAS HEWITT KINGSTOWN KEY (for lock) KING-TÊ CHÊN KEYBOARD KINGUSSIE KEYSTONE KING WILLIAM'S TOWN KEY WEST KINKAJOU KHABAROVSK KINKEL, JOHANN GOTTFRIED KHAIRAGARH KINNING PARK KHAIREDDIN KINNOR KHAIRPUR KINO KHAJRAHO KINORHYNCHA KHAKI KINROSS-SHIRE KHALIFA, THE KINSALE KHALIL IBN AHMAD KINTORE KHAMGAON KIOTO KHAMSEH KIOWAS KHAMSIN KIPLING, RUDYARD KHAMTIS KIPPER KHAN KIPPIS, ANDREW KHANDESH, EAST and WEST KIRBY, WILLIAM KHANDWA KIRCHER, ATHANASIUS KHANSA KIRCHHEIM-UNTER-TECK KHAR KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAV ROBERT KHARAGHODA KIRCHHOFF, JOHANN WILHELM ADOLF KHARGA KIRGHIZ KHARKOV (government of Russia) KIRIN KHARKOV (town of Russia) KIRK, SIR JOHN KHARPUT KIRKBY, JOHN KHARSAWAN KIRKCALDY KHARTUM KIRKCALDY OF GRANGE, SIR WILLIAM KHASI AND JAINTIA HILLS KIRKCUDBRIGHT KHASKOY KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE KHATTAK KIRKE, PERCY KHAZARS KIRKEE KHEDIVE KIRKINTILLOCH KHERI KIRK-KILISSEH KHERSON (government of Russia) KIRKSVILLE KHERSON (town of Russia) KIRKWALL KHEVENHÜLLER, LUDWIG ANDREAS KIRRIEMUIR KHEVSURS KIRSCH KHILCHIPUR KIR-SHEHER KHINGAN KIRWAN, RICHARD KHIVA (kingdom of Asia) KISFALUDY, KÁROLY KHIVA (town in Western Asia) KISH KHNOPFF, FERNAND JEAN MARIE KISHANGARH KHOI KISHINEV KHOJENT KISHM KHOKAND KISKUNFÉLEGYHÁZA KHOLM KISLOVODSK KHONDS KISMET KHORASAN KISS KHORREMABAD KISSAR KHORSABAD KISSINGEN KHOTAN KISTNA (river of India) KHOTIN KISTNA (district of India) KHULNA KIT KHUNSAR KITAZATO, SHIBASABURO KHURJA KIT-CAT CLUB KHYBER PASS KITCHEN KIAKHTA KITCHENER, HORATIO HERBERT KITCHENER KIANG-SI KITE KIANG-SU Entry: KELLY